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T.M. v. University of Maryland Medical System Corp.

No. 25-197 SCOTUS · Decided Decided SCOTUS
Cert Granted: Dec 5, 2025 Argued: Apr 20, 2026 Decided: Jun 18, 2026
📄 Read the Opinion

Decision

5-4
Opinion Sotomayor, J.
Dissent Barrett, J. (joined by Roberts, C.J., Kagan, J. and Gorsuch, J.)

Opinion of the Court

Sotomayor, J.

The Facts

T.M., a patient with a medical condition causing altered mental states from gluten exposure, was involuntarily committed to University of Maryland Medical System and a psychiatrist attempted to administer a forced medication injection. T.M. challenged the involuntary commitment and forced medication in federal court, but courts ruled the Rooker-Feldman doctrine barred federal review because state courts had already ruled on the matter.

The Issue

Whether the Rooker-Feldman doctrine bars federal court jurisdiction over claims arising from a state court judgment when the state-court proceedings are not yet final and remain subject to further state court review.

The Rules

28 U.S.C. §§ 1331, 1257 Rooker-Feldman doctrine — limits on federal review of state judgments

Federal district courts lack subject-matter jurisdiction to review final state court judgments; such review is reserved for the Supreme Court via certiorari.

U.S. Const. amend. XIV, § 1 Due Process Clause — involuntary commitment and forced medication

No state shall deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law.

The Application

T.M.'s Position

T.M. argues the Rooker-Feldman doctrine does not bar federal jurisdiction when underlying state court proceedings are not yet final. Her federal civil rights claims arise independently from the involuntary commitment and forced medication — they are original claims challenging state actors' conduct, not disguised appeals from a state court judgment.

The Hospital's Position

The hospital argues Rooker-Feldman properly bars T.M.'s federal claims because they are inextricably intertwined with the state court's commitment order. Federal courts cannot serve as an end-run around state judicial proceedings, and T.M.'s claims effectively seek to overturn the state court's determination through a parallel federal action.

At the Supreme Court

Argued April 20, 2026. The case will clarify when the Rooker-Feldman doctrine applies — specifically whether it bars federal claims when state proceedings are ongoing rather than final. The doctrine has been narrowed in recent years, and the Court may further limit its reach to prevent it from swallowing legitimate federal civil rights jurisdiction.

The Conclusion

**The Rooker-Feldman doctrine does not bar T.M.'s federal claims.** The question is whether the federal plaintiff is complaining of injuries caused by a state-court judgment — not whether the claims are "inextricably intertwined" with state proceedings. Affirmed.

Court
FiledAug 19, 2025
Judge
CL Statusactive
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No circuit court data for this case.

Cert GrantedDec 5, 2025
Statusactive
Filed (CL)Aug 19, 2025
View on CourtListener →

Decision

5-4
Opinion Sotomayor, J.
Dissent Barrett, J. (joined by Roberts, C.J., Kagan, J. and Gorsuch, J.)
SCOTUS TMR-09039dea Jul 5, 2026
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