Trump v. CASA Inc.

The district courts' nationwide injunctions against Executive Order 14160 violated the equitable limits of Article III and FRCP 65, which confine injunctive relief to the actual parties before the court rather than non-parties nationwide. Although the courts correctly identified that the citizenship order likely violated the Citizenship Clause as construed in Wong Kim Ark, their authority extended only to granting relief for the specific families challenging the order, not to binding the executive branch's conduct toward all others not party to the litigation. The universal scope of the injunctions improperly transformed an equitable remedy for the plaintiffs into a nationwide prohibition that exceeded the courts' jurisdictional reach. By requiring the injunctions to bind only the named parties, the Court preserved the integrity of equitable relief while respecting Article III's core requirement that federal courts resolve only actual cases or controversies before them.