Food & Drug Administration v. Alliance for Hippocratic Medicine

The Alliance's claimed injury (potential future treatment of mifepristone-related complications) fails the Article III traceability requirement because it depends on an unbroken chain of independent decisions wholly outside plaintiffs' control: the FDA's approval decision must lead to patient use, which must result in complications, which must then present at plaintiffs' facilities rather than elsewhere. The speculative and attenuated nature of this causal chain, compounded by the fact that plaintiffs had no regulatory obligation tied to mifepristone and no existing patient relationship to anyone likely to use it, rendered the injury insufficiently concrete and imminent to establish standing, particularly where the claimed harm rested entirely on the possibility of treating emergencies that plaintiffs might never encounter.