Campos-Chaves v. Garland

Under the INA's in absentia removal framework, the noncitizen must receive written notice of the hearing's time and place before being ordered removed for failing to appear. In Campos-Chaves, immigrants received Notices of Hearing distinct from the deficient original NTAs that specified when and where to appear, yet chose not to attend. The Court found that the statute's notice requirement looks to the substance of what the immigrant actually received, not the formal document that delivered it, meaning the subsequent Notice of Hearing cured any procedural defect in the original NTA and satisfied due process. Applied here, the government's bifurcated notice system, while administratively burdensome and traceable to court backlogs, met the statutory floor for removal noncitizens had written notice of time and place and defaulted anyway.