Murthy v. Missouri

Under the Court's three-tier framework, Trump's alleged conduct in attempting to overturn the 2020 election results must be parsed into acts that fall within his core constitutional authority entitled to absolute immunity, acts taken in an official capacity but outside core authority entitled to rebuttable presumptive immunity, and private or unofficial acts receiving no immunity. The district court must now examine whether Trump's specific actions including communications with state officials, the Justice Department, and his vice president, constitute core constitutional functions like command of the military or appointment of executive officers, or instead represent official acts whose prosecution must be evaluated against potential burdens on executive power. The remand shifts the analytical burden from categorical rejection of all prosecutions to granular fact-finding that may preserve some charges while shielding others, depending on whether they can be sufficiently divorced from Trump's formal presidential powers.